{"id":1439,"date":"2023-05-24T16:46:50","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T13:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legelaw.com\/?p=1439"},"modified":"2024-07-30T22:23:16","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T19:23:16","slug":"ab-yesil-mutabakati-ve-turk-sirketlere-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legelaw.com\/tr\/ab-yesil-mutabakati-ve-turk-sirketlere-etkisi\/","title":{"rendered":"AB YE\u015e\u0130L MUTABAKATI VE T\u00dcRK \u015e\u0130RKETLERE ETK\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

AB YE\u015e\u0130L MUTABAKATI VE T\u00dcRK \u015e\u0130RKETLERE ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/h1><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>

Ye\u015fil Mutabakat ve dijital d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, Avrupa\u2019da pandemi sonras\u0131 ekonomik toparlanmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u201cikiz d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bir yandan daha ye\u015fil ve daha temiz bir d\u00fcnya planlan\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan yeni sekt\u00f6rler, i\u015f alanlar\u0131 ve piyasalar a\u00e7\u0131lacak. Ye\u015fil \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve hizmetlere olan talep artacak. Bu giri\u015fimde ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 atan, ilk yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yapan ve ilk adaptasyonu sa\u011flayanlar \u201cye\u015fil piyasan\u0131n \u00f6nde gidenleri\u201d olacak.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n her ne kadar ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00e7evre odakl\u0131 bir inisiyatif gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme stratejisi oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. AB, s\u0131n\u0131rda karbon d\u00fczenlemesi yaparak ithalat ve ihracatta da Ye\u015fil Mutabakat kurallar\u0131n\u0131 partner \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in i\u015fletecek.<\/p>\n

Mutabakat\u0131n kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bildirim, bir karbonsuzla\u015ft\u0131rma yol haritas\u0131 olmaktandan ziyade, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n birbirinden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, tar\u0131m ve sanayide b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, \u201ckimsenin geride b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131\u201d slogan\u0131yla adil ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve Birli\u011fin k\u00fcresel iklim akt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc rol\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir stratejik vizyon olma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ye\u015fil Mutabakat, ismiyle m\u00fcsemma olarak, t\u00fcm kesimlerin ortak bir noktada bulu\u015fmay\u0131 umdu\u011fu bir kabul metni; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iklim aktivistlerini tam anlam\u0131yla tatmin edecek eksiksiz bir plan de\u011fil. Bunun yerine, t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n meselelerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar ortak bir paydada, kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda AB\u2019ye zorlu ancak iddial\u0131 bir k\u00fcresel iklim lideri rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynama imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunuyor.<\/p>\n

Mutabakat\u0131n herhangi bir ye\u015fil yol haritas\u0131ndan ay\u0131ran temel unsurlar\u0131 ise,<\/p>\n

Adil Ge\u00e7i\u015f Mekanizmas\u0131 ihdas edilmesi; bu sayede d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinden ekonomik ve sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan en \u00e7ok etkilenecek kesimlerin desteklemesiyle, s\u00fcrecin adil ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131,
\nYe\u015fil Finansmanla, kapsaml\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerek kamu gerekse \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n mobilize edilmesi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir yat\u0131r\u0131m planlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi,
\nYo\u011fun bir \u0130klim Diplomasisiyle, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131n iklim krizinde \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen rol\u00fc yerine getirmesini sa\u011flamada AB\u2019nin diplomatik liderli\u011fi \u00fcstlenmesi,
\nolarak s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 ve S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenlemesi, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in birer risk oldu\u011fu kadar, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn arac\u0131 olarak yepyeni f\u0131rsatlar olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n

AB\u2019ye uyumlu ulusal bir emisyon izleme sistemi, karbon fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131 ve buna ili\u015fkin \u00fclke pozisyonu olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, gerek ulusal sera gaz\u0131 azalt\u0131m hedefleri, gerekse ticaret hacmi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik durumda. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde g\u00fcncellenmesi beklenen AB ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011finin, s\u00f6z konusu potansiyel risk alan\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne almas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu s\u00fcreci f\u0131rsata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir; hatta bu ili\u015fki Birli\u011fin serbest ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelere gerek piyasaya giri\u015f gerekse d\u00fczenleme mimarisinin yak\u0131nsamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan rol model te\u015fkil edebilir.<\/p>\n

AB 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ilk karbon n\u00f6tr k\u0131tas\u0131 olmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. Bu nedenle Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 ile, uluslararas\u0131 ticari faaliyetlerden kaynaklanan karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenledikleri karbon vergisi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 emisyon azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131, ticari payda\u015flar\u0131na sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 Neleri Kapsar?<\/h4>\n

Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 yedi strateji alt\u0131nda \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik: Halihaz\u0131rda hassas bir dengeye sahip ekosistemin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri almak.<\/li>\n
  2. Tarladan Sofraya: S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri sa\u011flamak.<\/li>\n
  3. Temiz Enerji: Fosil enerji kaynaklar\u0131na duyulan ihtiyac\u0131 minimize ederek, karbon emisyonuna sebebiyet vermeyen do\u011fal enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 (g\u00fcne\u015f, jeotermal, dalga, r\u00fczgar, vb.) kullanmak.<\/li>\n
  4. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Sanayi: S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve \u00e7evre dostu \u00fcretimi te\u015fvik etmek.<\/li>\n
  5. \u0130n\u015faat ve Renovasyon: \u0130n\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131larak, faaliyet kaynakl\u0131 karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak.<\/li>\n
  6. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Hareket: \u00c7evre dostu ve minimum seviyede karbon emisyonuna neden olan ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek.<\/li>\n
  7. Kirlili\u011fin Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131: Kirlili\u011fi (hava, su ve toprak) h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili bir \u015fekilde kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almak.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi gibi \u00f6nemli iklim sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 bertaraf etmeye odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, karbon ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engellemek ve bu s\u00fcrecin ticari payda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenlemesini tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenlemeyle, Avrupa men\u015feili firmalar\u0131n halihaz\u0131rda \u00f6dedikleri karbon emisyon vergileri nedeniyle ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 mali dezavantaj\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak da istenmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in de iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi d\u00fczenlemelerinin daha az yapt\u0131r\u0131ma sahip oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerin\/firmalar\u0131n, AB\u2019ye ihracat s\u0131ras\u0131nda karbon i\u00e7eri\u011finin dikkate al\u0131narak vergilendirmeye (karbon vergisi) tabi tutulmas\u0131 istenmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu durum, rekabet avantaj\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirebilece\u011fi gibi, T\u00fcrkiye gibi AB\u2019ye ihracat yapan \u00fclkeleri de yak\u0131ndan etkileyecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyona sahip \u00fclkelerin vergiden muaf ya da \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck vergilerle AB ile ticaret yapmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakken, \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi y\u00fcksek emisyon de\u011ferlerine sahip \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in ek karbon maliyeti olu\u015facakt\u0131r. Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerinin AB\u2019ye ihracat yaparken yak\u0131n gelecekte karbon sal\u0131m kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131 gerekecek.<\/p>\n

    Buna ek olarak, s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7erisinde AB\u2019nin Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik ve Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yer almas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik ekonomik ve ticari yans\u0131malara neden olabilecektir.<\/p>\n

    Yat\u0131r\u0131m almak isteyen \u015firketlerin, hem kredi anlam\u0131nda hem de \u015firketlerine hissedar olarak yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 \u00e7ekmek ya da halka arz edilen \u015firketlerin yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7ekmesi i\u00e7in AB\u2019nin Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131\u2019yla uyumluluk kriterlerine uygun olmas\u0131 gerekecek. Aksi takdirde bu finansman\u0131 ya pahal\u0131 olarak alabilecekler ya da bu finansmana, yat\u0131r\u0131ma eri\u015fimleri olmayacak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Avrupa \u0130mar ve Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131 (EBRD) gibi kalk\u0131nma bankalar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 bulunuyor ve bunlar bir s\u00fcre sonra s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flayamayan T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerine kredi vermeme ya da pahal\u0131 olarak verme ya da bir noktada da kesilme ihtimali oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu mevzuat\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye adapte edilmesi gerekir yoksa T\u00fcrk \u015firketleri pek \u00e7ok anlamda olumsuz etkilenir.<\/p>\n

    AB\u2019de dezavantajl\u0131 gruplara, sekt\u00f6rlere y\u00f6nelik \u201cadil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm mekanizmas\u0131\u201d denilen bir fon ayr\u0131larak ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmelerinin sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edildi. T\u00fcrkiye’nin de G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerinin bu fonlardan yararlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m m\u00fczakereler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bask\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 halinde bunun ekonomiye \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer alan S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenlemesi, AB ile ihracat yapan her sekt\u00f6r\u00fc yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirmektedir. Fakat, \u00e7imento ve yap\u0131, tekstil, tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da, sanayi, perakende ve enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fc gibi karbon emisyonu y\u00fcksek olan sekt\u00f6rlerin \u00e7ok daha fazla etkilenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu 6 sekt\u00f6r, T\u00dcS\u0130AD 2020 raporuna g\u00f6re en \u00e7ok karbon emisyonuna (kapsam 1-2) sebebiyet veren sekt\u00f6rler olmakla beraber, AB ile en \u00e7ok ithalat faaliyetlerinin bulundu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rlerdir.<\/p>\n

    1. \u00c7imento ve Yap\u0131 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h5>\n

    \u00c7imento ve yap\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, en y\u00fcksek karbon emisyonuna sahip sekt\u00f6r olarak en y\u00fcksek mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilecek sekt\u00f6rlerdendir. S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenlemesi kapsam\u0131nda ilk olarak \u00e7imentonun ana hammaddesi olan klinker ve kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 gibi maddelerin, akabinde ka\u011f\u0131t ve organik kimyasallar gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin vergilendirilmesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

    2. Perakende Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h5>\n

    Perakende sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00fcretim, lojistik, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve ula\u015f\u0131mdan do\u011fan CO2 emisyonlar\u0131 ile mal ve hizmet ihracat\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131 baz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7imento sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn hemen ard\u0131ndan gelir.<\/p>\n

    Bu sebeple \u00f6zellikle g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, g\u0131da kayna\u011f\u0131 ve besin de\u011ferine dair \u00e7evresel ayak izi ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir k\u0131lmak (Ecolabel, vb.) ve tarladan sofraya stratejisi kapsam\u0131nda eri\u015filebilir sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131da sa\u011flayabilmek hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\n

    3. Tekstil Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h5>\n

    Tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB ile en \u00e7ok ihracat ili\u015fkisi kurdu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rlerden biridir. Fakat, \u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda elektri\u011fin yo\u011fun kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak y\u00fcksek karbon emisyonlar\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenlemesi ile en \u00e7ok maliyetle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalacak sekt\u00f6rlerden de biridir.<\/p>\n

    4. Tar\u0131m ve G\u0131da Sekt\u00f6rleri<\/h5>\n

    Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Tarladan Sofraya stratejisi do\u011frudan tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da sekt\u00f6rleri ile ili\u015fkilidir. Bu kapsamda 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar pestisit kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 %50, g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ise %20 azaltmak hedeflenirken organik tar\u0131ma a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmesi beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

    5. Sanayi Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h5>\n

    Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131na en \u00e7ok sebebiyet veren sekt\u00f6rlerden biri olarak en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn yer alaca\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerden biridir. Bu nedenle, Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda daha \u00e7evreci, d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ve dijital bir sanayi stratejisi izlenmesi beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

    6. Enerji Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h5>\n

    Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ncelik verdi\u011fi sekt\u00f6rlerden bir di\u011feri de enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Belirledi\u011fi 7 strateji aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok \u00f6neme sahip alanlardan biri olan sekt\u00f6r, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sera gaz\u0131 emisyonunun %72,8\u2019inden sorumlu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle reformlar\u0131n s\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerinden de ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu kapsamda AB\u2019nin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Enerji Verimlili\u011fi Direktifi ise, elektrik, gaz, bina, ula\u015f\u0131m ve end\u00fcstri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n entegre edilmesi, fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yenilenebilir enerjiye yerini b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ve temiz enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmesi gibi, T\u00fcrkiye enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fe giden yolunda faydalanabilece\u011fi bir kaynakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    AB\u2019nin iklim hedefleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de vatanda\u015flar\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiler?<\/h4>\n

    T\u00fcrk \u015firketleri, rekabet g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kaybederse veya bu ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyerek karbon vergisi \u00f6demek zorunda kal\u0131rsa, finansmana daha pahal\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131rsa, bu tabii ki \u015firketlerin maliyetlerini art\u0131racak, rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek. O y\u00fczden de bu durum, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u00fcrettikleri \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin veya hizmetlerin fiyatlar\u0131na yans\u0131yacak.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1773,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nAB YE\u015e\u0130L MUTABAKATI VE T\u00dcRK \u015e\u0130RKETLERE ETK\u0130S\u0130 - Lege Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ye\u015fil Mutabakat ve dijital d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, Avrupa\u2019da pandemi sonras\u0131 ekonomik toparlanmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u201cikiz d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 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